418 research outputs found
Electronic transport through ballistic chaotic cavities: reflection symmetry, direct processes, and symmetry breaking
We extend previous studies on transport through ballistic chaotic cavities
with spatial left-right (LR) reflection symmetry to include the presence of
direct processes. We first analyze fully LR-symmetric systems in the presence
of direct processes and compare the distribution w(T) of the transmission
coefficient T with that for an asymmetric cavity with the same "optical" S
matrix. We then study the problem of "external mixing" of the symmetry caused
by an asymmetric coupling of the cavity to the outside. We first consider the
case where symmetry breaking arises because two symmetrically positioned
waveguides are coupled to the cavity by means of asymmetric tunnel barriers.
Although this system is asymmetric with respect to the LR operation, it has a
striking memory of the symmetry of the cavity it was constructed from.
Secondly, we break LR symmetry in the absence of direct proceses by
asymmetrically positioning the two waveguides and compare the results with
those for the completely asymmetric case.Comment: 15 pages, 8 Postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Electronic transport in strongly anisotropic disordered systems: model for the random matrix theory with non-integer beta
We study numerically an electronic transport in strongly anisotropic weakly
disorderd two-dimensional systems. We find that the conductance distribution is
gaussian but the conductance fluctuations increase when anisotropy becomes
stronger. We interpret this result by random matrix theory with non-integer
symmetry parameter beta, in accordance with recent theoretical work of
K.A.Muttalib and J.R.Klauder [Phys.Rev.Lett. 82 (1999) 4272]. Analysis of the
statistics of transport paramateres supports this hypothesis.Comment: 8 pages, 7 *.eps figure
Quantum Dissipation due to the Interaction with Chaos
We discuss the possibility of having "quantum dissipation" due to the
interaction with chaotic degrees of freedom. We define the conditions that
should be satisfied in order to have a dissipative effect similar to the one
due to an interaction with a (many body) bath. We also compare with the case
where the environment is modeled by a random matrix model. In case of
interaction with "chaos" we observe a regime where the relaxation process is
non-universal, and reflects the underlaying semiclassical dynamics. As an
example we consider a two level system (spin) that interacts with a two
dimensional anharmonic oscillator.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, final improved version, to be published as Phys
Rev. E Rapid Communicatio
QCA in International Relations: A Review of Strengths, Pitfalls, and Empirical Applications
Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is a rapidly emerging method in the field of International Relations (IR). This raises questions about the strengths and pitfalls of QCA in IR research, established good practices, how IR performs against those standards, and which areas require further attention. After a general introduction to the method, we address these questions based on a review of all empirical QCA studies published in IR journals between 1987 and 2020. Results show that QCA has been employed on a wide range of issue areas and is most common in the study of peace and conflict, global environmental politics, foreign policy, and compliance with international regulations. The utilization of QCA offers IR scholars four distinct advantages: the identification of complex causal patterns, the distinction between necessary and sufficient conditions, a middle ground between quantitative and qualitative approaches, and the reinforcement of the strengths of other methods. We find that albeit a few exceptions, IR researchers conduct high-quality QCA research when compared against established standards. However, the field should urgently pay more attention to three issues: the potential of using QCA in combination with other methods, increasing the robustness of QCA results, and strengthening research transparency in QCA applications. Throughout the article, we formulate strategies for improved QCA research in IR
The random phase property and the Lyapunov Spectrum for disordered multi-channel systems
A random phase property establishing in the weak coupling limit a link between quasi-one-dimensional random Schrödinger operators and full random matrix theory is advocated. Briefly summarized it states that the random transfer matrices placed into a normal system of coordinates act on the isotropic frames and lead to a Markov process with a unique invariant measure which is of geometric nature. On the elliptic part of the transfer matrices, this measure is invariant under the unitaries in the hermitian symplectic group of the universality class under study. While the random phase property can up to now only be proved in special models or in a restricted sense, we provide strong numerical evidence that it holds in the Anderson model of localization. A main outcome of the random phase property is a perturbative calculation of the Lyapunov exponents which shows that the Lyapunov spectrum is equidistant and that the localization lengths for large systems in the unitary, orthogonal and symplectic ensemble differ by a factor 2 each. In an Anderson-Ando model on a tubular geometry with magnetic field and spin-orbit coupling, the normal system of coordinates is calculated and this is used to derive explicit energy dependent formulas for the Lyapunov spectrum
Disordered quantum wires: microscopic origins of the DMPK theory and Ohm's law
We study the electronic transport properties of the Anderson model on a
strip, modeling a quasi one-dimensional disordered quantum wire. In the
literature, the standard description of such wires is via random matrix theory
(RMT). Our objective is to firmly relate this theory to a microscopic model. We
correct and extend previous work (arXiv:0912.1574) on the same topic. In
particular, we obtain through a physically motivated scaling limit an ensemble
of random matrices that is close to, but not identical to the standard transfer
matrix ensembles (sometimes called TOE, TUE), corresponding to the Dyson
symmetry classes \beta=1,2. In the \beta=2 class, the resulting conductance is
the same as the one from the ideal ensemble, i.e.\ from TUE. In the \beta=1
class, we find a deviation from TOE. It remains to be seen whether or not this
deviation vanishes in a thick-wire limit, which is the experimentally relevant
regime. For the ideal ensembles, we also prove Ohm's law for all symmetry
classes, making mathematically precise a moment expansion by Mello and Stone.
This proof bypasses the explicit but intricate solution methods that underlie
most previous results.Comment: Corrects and extends arXiv:0912.157
On the statistical significance of the conductance quantization
Recent experiments on atomic-scale metallic contacts have shown that the
quantization of the conductance appears clearly only after the average of the
experimental results. Motivated by these results we have analyzed a simplified
model system in which a narrow neck is randomly coupled to wide ideal leads,
both in absence and presence of time reversal invariance. Based on Random
Matrix Theory we study analytically the probability distribution for the
conductance of such system. As the width of the leads increases the
distribution for the conductance becomes sharply peaked close to an integer
multiple of the quantum of conductance. Our results suggest a possible
statistical origin of conductance quantization in atomic-scale metallic
contacts.Comment: 4 pages, Tex and 3 figures. To be published in PR
Strong Effects of Weak Localization in Charge Density Wave/Normal Metal Hybrids
Collective transport through a multichannel disordered conductor in contact
with charge-density-wave electrodes is theoretically investigated. The
statistical distribution function of the threshold potential for charge-density
wave sliding is calculated by random matrix theory. In the diffusive regime
weak localization has a strong effect on the sliding motion.Comment: To be published in Physical Review
Effective Coupling for Open Billiards
We derive an explicit expression for the coupling constants of individual
eigenstates of a closed billiard which is opened by attaching a waveguide. The
Wigner time delay and the resonance positions resulting from the coupling
constants are compared to an exact numerical calculation. Deviations can be
attributed to evanescent modes in the waveguide and to the finite number of
eigenstates taken into account. The influence of the shape of the billiard and
of the boundary conditions at the mouth of the waveguide are also discussed.
Finally we show that the mean value of the dimensionless coupling constants
tends to the critical value when the eigenstates of the billiard follow
random-matrix theory
Combined analysis of solar neutrino and solar irradiance data: further evidence for variability of the solar neutrino flux and its implications concerning the solar core
A search for any particular feature in any single solar neutrino dataset is
unlikely to establish variability of the solar neutrino flux since the count
rates are very low. It helps to combine datasets, and in this article we
examine data from both the Homestake and GALLEX experiments. These show
evidence of modulation with a frequency of 11.85 yr-1, which could be
indicative of rotational modulation originating in the solar core. We find that
precisely the same frequency is prominent in power spectrum analyses of the
ACRIM irradiance data for both the Homestake and GALLEX time intervals. These
results suggest that the solar core is inhomogeneous and rotates with sidereal
frequency 12.85 yr-1. We find, by Monte Carlo calculations, that the
probability that the neutrino data would by chance match the irradiance data in
this way is only 2 parts in 10,000. This rotation rate is significantly lower
than that of the inner radiative zone (13.97 yr-1) as recently inferred from
analysis of Super-Kamiokande data, suggesting that there may be a second, inner
tachocline separating the core from the radiative zone. This opens up the
possibility that there may be an inner dynamo that could produce a strong
internal magnetic field and a second solar cycle.Comment: 22 pages, 9 tables, 10 figure
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